Smokers Who “Survive to 70″ Lose Many Years of Life

According to a recent press release at the European Society of Cardiology (ESC), individuals who smoke are at considerable risk of mortality, regardless of their age. Until recently, thorough epidemiological studies had not been conducted to determine the relationship between smoking in older generations and mortality risks. However, researchers claim that individuals who survive to 70 years of age are still at risk, and will lose many years of life.

Two research scientists, Dr. Jonathan Emberson and Dr. Robert Clark seized the opportunity to track the health and lifestyles of elderly males, between the age of 66 and 97; 7,000 of these individuals were taken from a population of subjects that took part in a Whitehall study of civil servants from London.

The study calculated what it classified as hazard ratios for each member of the studied population, and factored into the equation the degree to which smoking impacted a subject’s mortality. These results were adjusted to reflect a variety of factors, including an individual’s age, employment status and clinical history of cancer and vascular disease.

Overall, more than 70% of the participants died during the study, which lasted a duration of 15 years, representing a figure of 5,000 men. The two researchers found a hazard ratio of 1.5 for smokers, which denotes a 50% higher death rate in smokers, relative to their non-smoking counterparts.

Cigarros: abordagem hardcore

Warning labels on cigarette packages in Canada, which feature disturbing images that include a diseased tongue and a child wearing an oxygen mask, are among the toughest in the world, but more needs to be done, such as plain packaging, to reduce smoking rates, according to a new report. The Canadian Cancer Society published an international report Wednesday that comprehensively ranks cigarette warning labels in 198 countries and jurisdictions around the world. Rankings were based on the size of warnings on cigarette packages and whether countries have introduced picture warnings on packages. Canada moved up to fourth in the world rankings in 2012, a major boost from 15th place in 2010. Although it’s an improvement, Canada still hasn’t reclaimed its top spot. Canada was the first country in the world to introduce graphic warning labels on cigarette packages. But in 2010, the federal government announced it was shelving the introduction of larger warning labels with new graphic images. The CBC later reported the plan was halted after the tobacco industry lobbied the federal government. Soon after that report aired, Health Minister Leona Aglukkaq said the update would go ahead. The new warnings, which cover 75 per cent of cigarette packages, were rolled out earlier this year.

The leader of the pack in this year’s survey is Australia, the first country to pass legislation requiring plain packaging on cigarettes in addition to graphic health warnings. In August, Australia’s highest court dismissed a challenge from the tobacco industry, and the new packaging will be rolled out next month.

Tabaco: o ataque continua

Fonte: aqui.

Cigarette sales in Scotland will be further restricted after ministers announced plans today to outlaw cigarette vending machines and ban shops from openly displaying tobacco.

Fumar ou não fumar, eis a questão!

Fonte: aqui.